Ukukhishwa kwepulasitiki, okufana namaphrofayili e-UPVC (i-polyvinyl chloride eqinile) noma imikhiqizo yamapayipi, kwakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuxuba, ukucutshungulwa kwe-extrusion, ukubunjwa, ukudonsa, nokusikwa kwenhlaka ye-PVC nezinye izithasiselo ezihlobene. Izinto ezithinta ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo zihlanganisa zonke izinyathelo zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Isinyathelo ngasinye siyasebenzisana futhi siyathintana ngemidiya yomkhiqizo. Inkinga eyodwa inganxeshezelwa ngezinye izinyathelo phakathi kwebanga elithile, ngakho isinyathelo ngasinye siba yinto ephilayo. Phakathi kwazo, izinto zokusetshenziswa, imishini yefomula kanye namasu okusebenza yizici eziyinhloko enqubweni ye-plastic extrusion, ethinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi nokukhishwa kokubunjwa kwe-extrusion. Lesi sihloko sigxile kumthelela we-extrusion ngokombono wemishini ye-extrusion nezinto zokusetshenziswa.
Ngokuvamile, i-PVCimikhiqizo isebenzisa izithasiselo ezilandelayo ukwenza inqubo extrusion:
1.PVC inhlaka:
I-Polyvinyl chloride, ebizwa nge-PVC ngesiNgisi, iyipulasitiki yesithathu yokwenziwa ekhiqizwa kakhulu emhlabeni (ngemuva kwe-polyethylene ne-polypropylene). I-PVC yake yaba yipulasitiki esetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke futhi yayisetshenziswa kabanzi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-PVC: eqinile (ngezinye izikhathi ifushaniswa njenge-RPVC) futhi ithambile. I-polyvinyl chloride eqinile isetshenziswa ekwakheni amapayipi, iminyango namafasitela. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwenza amabhodlela epulasitiki, ukupakisha, amakhadi asebhange noma obulungu. Ukwengeza ama-plasticizer kwenza i-PVC ithambe futhi ibe nokunwebeka. Ingasetshenziswa kumapayipi, ukufaka amakhebula, ukubeka phansi phansi, izimpawu, amarekhodi egilamafoni, imikhiqizo ephefumulayo kanye nezinye esikhundleni senjoloba.
isizinzisi:
Ngenxa yokuthi inhlaka ye-PVC iyinhlaka engezwani nokushisa, iqala ukuwohloka ngokushisa lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela cishe ku-90 kuya ku-130°C, ikhiphe i-HCL engazinzile futhi ibangele ukuba inhlaka iphenduke umbala ophuzi. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, umbala we-resin uba mnyama futhi izakhiwo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali zomkhiqizo ziyehla. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ze-resin, ukuxazulula inkinga yokuwohloka kuhilela ikakhulukazi ukungeza iziqinisi kunhlaka ye-PVC ukuze imunce futhi inciphise igesi ye-HCL futhi iqede umphumela wayo wokuwohloka. Amasistimu wokuzinzisa asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ahlanganisa: usawoti omningi, i-organotin, insipho yensimbi kanye neziqinisi zomhlaba ezingavamile.
I-Lubricant(PE wax noma Upharafini):
Olunye uhlobo lwesengezo sokuthuthukisa ukuthambisa kanye nokunciphisa ukunamathela esibonakalayo. Ngokusho kwemisebenzi, zihlukaniswe zibe izinto zokuthambisa zangaphandle, izithambisi zangaphakathi nezithambisi zangaphakathi nangaphandle. I-lubricant yangaphandle inganciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo nendawo yensimbi ukuvimbela impahla ye-UPVC ukuthi inganamatheli emgqonyeni kanye nesikulufu ngemva kokwenziwa kwepulasitiki. I-lubricant yangaphakathi inganciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ngaphakathi kwempahla, yenza buthaka ukuhlangana phakathi kwama-molecule futhi inciphise i-viscosity encibilikayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithambisi kunomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni umthwalo oyisikulufa, ekwehliseni ukushisa kwe-shear, nokwandisa ukuphuma kwe-extrusion. Ukwakhiwa kwe-lubricant ekubunjweni kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izinto zokugcwalisa:
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubulukhuni nokuqina kwemikhiqizo, kuncishiswe ukuwohloka komkhiqizo, futhi kunciphise izindleko zempahla eluhlaza, izigcwalisi ezifana ne-CaCO 3 zivame ukungezwa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-UPVC.
Iyacubungula Isilungisi (ACR):
Inhloso eyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokucubungula kwezinto, ukusheshisa ukwenziwa kwe-plasticization ye-PVC resin, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-fluidity, ukuguqulwa okushisayo kanye nokucwebezela kwemikhiqizo.
Isilungisi somthelela:
Inhloso eyinhloko ukuthuthukisa ukumelana komthelela wemikhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwemikhiqizo, nokuthuthukisa umphumela we-plasticizing. Izilungisi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-UPVC yi-CPE (i-polyethylene eyi-chlorinated) kanye nokuguqulwa komthelela we-acrylate.
Indlela yokwenza ipulasitiki yemishini ye-plastic extrusion kanye nomthelela wezithako zefomula kuyo:
Kunemishini eminingi yokubumba i-plastic extrusion. Okubalulekile okusetshenziselwa ukukhipha imikhiqizo eqinile ye-UPVC ama-twin-screw extruder ajikelezayoi-conical twin screw extruder. Okulandelayo ikakhulukazi kudingida indlela yokwenza ipulasitiki yama-extruder asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhipheni imikhiqizo ye-UPVC.
I-conical twin-screw extruder ejikelezayo ephikisayo:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-29-2023
